Camera Technology, Function and Types of Cameras, relay awesome when you decide to buy a camera for photograpy read it.
Camera Technology, Function and Types of Cameras, relay awesome when you decide to buy a camera for photograpy read it. - It is worth paying a tribute to those pioneers whose invention the Camera, helps us in saving our memories in form of images. A camera is a device used to capture and store images electronically
The 2 types of digital camera
Basic parts of Point and Shoot Camera
DSLR Camera- DSLR camera have interchangeable lenses and multiple manual control options.
Working of a Camera- Light passes through lens and is captured by sensor sensor converts light into electrical signal and is then given to processor where the image gets processed and shown final image on LCD screen.
Inside of a Camera- Sensor: Digital camera use image sensors instead of film. An image sensor converts an optical image into an electrical signal. A sensor is a silicone chip that contains millions of photosensitive diodes called photo sites. Each photo site records the intensity of light. The image is stored as a set of numbers and reconstructed as an image while viewing. There are 2 types of sensors: CMOS & CCD
1) CMOS (Complementary metal, oxide semiconductor)
Aperture - Controls amount of light passing through the lens onto the sensor. It is calibrated in f/stops. Large f/stop results in less light in the image. Lowf/stop results in more exposure to light resulting in blurred background. High f/stop results in less exposure to light resulting in sharper background. Aperture along with shutter speed produces natural Pictures.
Resolution - A digital image is made up of tiny blocks of picture data which fool the eye into seeing a continuous image. All these tiny blocks of data are called pixels. The resolution of the image i.e. the size of the image is determined by the amount of pixels in the image. The more the pixels the better the image.
A High Resolution image is made with over a million pixels and is suitable for high quality printout. These images take up much more storage space and take longer to process. They show fine details.
A Low Resolution image is made with less n than a million pixels and is only suitable for onscreen or webpage use. A large number can be stored and they take no time to manipulate. They do not show fine details in a picture.
White Balance - White balance is adjusted to get the colors in the image as accurate as possible under different lighting conditions The color of an object is affected by the lighting conditions under which it is viewed Our eyes and our brain compensate for different types of light-that's why a white object appears white to us whether it's viewed in sunlight, under overcast skies or indoors under incandescent or fluorescent light. But digital camera need help to emulate this process, to compensate for different A5A types of lighting and render a white object white. In short white balance is adjusted to get the colors in the image as accurate as possible under different lighting conditions
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Cloudy: on a cloudy day, use the cloudy or shadow white balance setting instead of auto This allows the camera to compensate for blueness in the shadows, warming up the scene to better match what the human eye would see. Cloudy and shadow settings provide a more welcoming look, especially in photos of humans and interiors
Flash: The on-camera flashes in most digital camera produce a bright light with a blue cast This can bleach the color from human skin or cancel out red tones, leaving subjects looking pale or sickly. Use the flash white balance setting to add red to the scene and produce a more natural image.
Indoor incandescent indoor lighting and photographers' lamps create a reddish or orange light. The result is an overly-warm tinge to the picture The indoor setting, sometimes labelled "tungsten adds blue to the image correcting subjects to a more accurate neutral tone.
Daylight: Like indoor lighting, daylight tends to be very warm Direct sunlight is also extremely bright, and can wash out subjects like a flash. Use daylight settings only when shooting in very bright sunlight, as it can produce bluish results on overcast days.
Fluorescent: Fluorescent indoor lighting has become more common with the advent of energy-saving compact fluorescent bulbs. Most offices and commercial spaces also use fluorescent lighting. Unlike incandescent bulbs, these lights produce a green or blue cast. Use the fluorescent setting to cancel out this tone, which can produce sickly-looking results on human skin.
ISO - International Standards Organization. It is the measurement if the film's sensitivity to light. It was used in a film camera and has continued with the digital camera as well.
High ISO will help taking clear, crisp shots of fast moving subjects. It should be used for dark locations.
Low ISO should be used for brighter locations. Low ISO means low shutter speed i.e. longer exposure to light and a better picture quality
2. All in one lenses: Standard non-zoom lenses are called prime lenses or simply "primes". Their advantage, in addition to typically giving a slightly better image quality, is that they are smaller, lighter and cheaper than a zoom lens of the same quality. A prime lens may also be "faster", i e., have a larger maximum aperture (smaller f-number), so it can be used with less light (with the same shutter speed), and can provide less depth of field in situations where this is desirable.
3. Marco Lens: Macro lenses are designed for extreme -close-up work. Such lenses are popular for nature shooting such as small flowers, as well as for many technical applications. As most of these lenses can also focus to infinity and tend to be quite sharp, many are used as general-purpose optics.
4. Special Purposes Lenses: There are many different kinds of special purpose lenses, the most popular being fish eye lenses, which are extreme wide-angle lenses with an angle of view of up to 180 degrees or more, with very noticeable (sometimes intended) distortion. Perspective control lenses and soft-focus lenses, were more popular with film DSLRs but are less popular for DSLRs because the same or similar results can be obtained with post-processing software.
Smile shutter: Automatically takes pictures when people smile. It's great for capturing spontaneous and natural smiles. The shutter activates when the subject smiles.
Panorama Mode: Shoots a high speed burst of frames as you sweep the camera from side to side (or up to down). The images are stitched together automatically by the camera to create one amazing panoramic image.
MicroSD card, Camera Caver, Lenses, Tripod, Battery Charger, Cleaning Kit, Battery charger
Functions of a Camera
- Capture sound and motion
- lasting quality and perfect copies in digital format which can be viewed and printed as per requirement.
- Freeze the moment and ensure visual record of any experience
- Photo Makeover dit photographs and videos as per requirement
Advantages of Digital Camera over Film Camera
- Better quality storage High resolution images Mega-Pixels) for best print quality Retains color & definition over time as storage is easy.
- Versatile Easy digital photo retouch editing is possible before printing. No chemical processes needed
- Convenient Sharing Perfect digital copies. Quick electronic data transfer Larger capacity can be stored for a longer period of time.
Types of Digital Cameras
The 2 types of digital camera
- Point & Shoot Camera
- Digital Single Lens Reflex- DSLR
Basic parts of Point and Shoot Camera
Working of a Camera- Light passes through lens and is captured by sensor sensor converts light into electrical signal and is then given to processor where the image gets processed and shown final image on LCD screen.
Inside of a Camera- Sensor: Digital camera use image sensors instead of film. An image sensor converts an optical image into an electrical signal. A sensor is a silicone chip that contains millions of photosensitive diodes called photo sites. Each photo site records the intensity of light. The image is stored as a set of numbers and reconstructed as an image while viewing. There are 2 types of sensors: CMOS & CCD
1) CMOS (Complementary metal, oxide semiconductor)
- Low power consumption.
- Mass Manufactured hence less expensive.
- Faster Image Processing than CCD Sensor.
- CMOS is commonly used in all point and shoot and DSLR Camera.
- High power consumption.
- Expensive to manufacture
- Highest Image Quality.
- Used in high end DSLR Camera.
Aperture - Controls amount of light passing through the lens onto the sensor. It is calibrated in f/stops. Large f/stop results in less light in the image. Lowf/stop results in more exposure to light resulting in blurred background. High f/stop results in less exposure to light resulting in sharper background. Aperture along with shutter speed produces natural Pictures.
Resolution - A digital image is made up of tiny blocks of picture data which fool the eye into seeing a continuous image. All these tiny blocks of data are called pixels. The resolution of the image i.e. the size of the image is determined by the amount of pixels in the image. The more the pixels the better the image.
A High Resolution image is made with over a million pixels and is suitable for high quality printout. These images take up much more storage space and take longer to process. They show fine details.
A Low Resolution image is made with less n than a million pixels and is only suitable for onscreen or webpage use. A large number can be stored and they take no time to manipulate. They do not show fine details in a picture.
White Balance - White balance is adjusted to get the colors in the image as accurate as possible under different lighting conditions The color of an object is affected by the lighting conditions under which it is viewed Our eyes and our brain compensate for different types of light-that's why a white object appears white to us whether it's viewed in sunlight, under overcast skies or indoors under incandescent or fluorescent light. But digital camera need help to emulate this process, to compensate for different A5A types of lighting and render a white object white. In short white balance is adjusted to get the colors in the image as accurate as possible under different lighting conditions
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Types of White Balance
Auto white balance: Most camera default to automatic white balance. They make white objects bright white and alter all the other colors to match. This produces the best result in average lighting, but en results in a very blue image on cloudy days, in shadow or in natural lighting conditions. Some photos taken with the auto white balance setting seem artificial or harsh.Cloudy: on a cloudy day, use the cloudy or shadow white balance setting instead of auto This allows the camera to compensate for blueness in the shadows, warming up the scene to better match what the human eye would see. Cloudy and shadow settings provide a more welcoming look, especially in photos of humans and interiors
Flash: The on-camera flashes in most digital camera produce a bright light with a blue cast This can bleach the color from human skin or cancel out red tones, leaving subjects looking pale or sickly. Use the flash white balance setting to add red to the scene and produce a more natural image.
Indoor incandescent indoor lighting and photographers' lamps create a reddish or orange light. The result is an overly-warm tinge to the picture The indoor setting, sometimes labelled "tungsten adds blue to the image correcting subjects to a more accurate neutral tone.
Daylight: Like indoor lighting, daylight tends to be very warm Direct sunlight is also extremely bright, and can wash out subjects like a flash. Use daylight settings only when shooting in very bright sunlight, as it can produce bluish results on overcast days.
Fluorescent: Fluorescent indoor lighting has become more common with the advent of energy-saving compact fluorescent bulbs. Most offices and commercial spaces also use fluorescent lighting. Unlike incandescent bulbs, these lights produce a green or blue cast. Use the fluorescent setting to cancel out this tone, which can produce sickly-looking results on human skin.
ISO - International Standards Organization. It is the measurement if the film's sensitivity to light. It was used in a film camera and has continued with the digital camera as well.
High ISO will help taking clear, crisp shots of fast moving subjects. It should be used for dark locations.
Low ISO should be used for brighter locations. Low ISO means low shutter speed i.e. longer exposure to light and a better picture quality
Guide for ISO Setting
- 50 200 ISO: For very bright sunny days or when you want smooth Sharp images
- 400 ISO: Good all-round setting, suitable for overcast skies, fast shutter speed
- 800 ISO: For interiors/low-light outdoor subjects or action photography without flash
- 1600 ISO: For night indoor low light very long lenses shooting. Grain/ noise present
- 3200 ISO: same as 1600 ISO but with greater noise.
Files and formats of the image
- TIFF Realistic pictures with high colors. This is ideal for shorting photos.
- JPEG Most popular format for images taken with digital camera.
- GIF Used for low resolution images intended for the web.
- RAW- Unprocessed image produced by DSLR, not ready to be printed This is of high quality.
Types of Camera Lenses
1. Zoom lens: The focal length of a zoom lens is not fixed; instead it can be varied between a specified minimum and maximum value. Modern lens technology is such that the loss of image quality in zoom lenses (relative to non-zoom lenses) is minimal and zoom lenses have become the standard lenses for SLRs and DSLRs.2. All in one lenses: Standard non-zoom lenses are called prime lenses or simply "primes". Their advantage, in addition to typically giving a slightly better image quality, is that they are smaller, lighter and cheaper than a zoom lens of the same quality. A prime lens may also be "faster", i e., have a larger maximum aperture (smaller f-number), so it can be used with less light (with the same shutter speed), and can provide less depth of field in situations where this is desirable.
3. Marco Lens: Macro lenses are designed for extreme -close-up work. Such lenses are popular for nature shooting such as small flowers, as well as for many technical applications. As most of these lenses can also focus to infinity and tend to be quite sharp, many are used as general-purpose optics.
4. Special Purposes Lenses: There are many different kinds of special purpose lenses, the most popular being fish eye lenses, which are extreme wide-angle lenses with an angle of view of up to 180 degrees or more, with very noticeable (sometimes intended) distortion. Perspective control lenses and soft-focus lenses, were more popular with film DSLRs but are less popular for DSLRs because the same or similar results can be obtained with post-processing software.
| Optical Zoom Camera | Digital Zoom Camera |
| It magnifies the image using lens. | Magnifies the image after it has been captured. |
| It is traditional kind of zoom and can produce extremely sharp image. | Digital Zoom results in greater loss of quality. |
| Quality of magnified image will depend on the quality lens. |
Common Features
Face Detection: Allows the camera to automatically optimize focus, exposure, flash control and white balance for capturing faces clear and brightSmile shutter: Automatically takes pictures when people smile. It's great for capturing spontaneous and natural smiles. The shutter activates when the subject smiles.
Panorama Mode: Shoots a high speed burst of frames as you sweep the camera from side to side (or up to down). The images are stitched together automatically by the camera to create one amazing panoramic image.
Camera Accessories Attachments
Some of the attachments that can be recommended to the customer along with the camera are:MicroSD card, Camera Caver, Lenses, Tripod, Battery Charger, Cleaning Kit, Battery charger
Why buy a DSLR Camera
- Image Quality DSLRs are generally able to be used at a faster ISO which will lead to faster shutter speeds and less grain.
- Adaptability DSLR's ability to change lenses opens up a world of possibilities for photographers. While point and shoot has a nice but fixed optical Zoom. DSLR can be fitted with many high quality lenses ranging from wide angle to super long focal lengths. Image quality is impacted greatly by the quality of the lens you use.
- Speed DSLR's are generally pretty fast pieces of machinery when it comes to things like start up, focusing and shutter lag.
- Optical viewfinder- Due to the reflex mirror DSLR's are very much a what you see is what you get operation.
- Manual Controls while many point and shoots come with the ability to shoot in manual mode, a DSLR is designed in such a way that it is assumed that the photographer using it will want to control their own settings. While they do come with good auto modes the manual controls are generally built in in such a way that they are at the photographer's finger tips as they are shooting.
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